Perugia

Perugia was an Umbrian settlement but first appears in written history as Perusia, one of the 12 confederate cities of Etruria; it was first mentioned in Q. Fabius Pictor's account, used by Livy, of the expedition carried out against the Etruscan League by Fabius Maximus Rullianus in 310 or 309 BC. At that time a thirty-year indutiae (truce) was agreed upon; however, in 295 Perusia took part in the Third Samnite War and was forced, with Volsinii and Arretium (Arezzo), to sue for peace in the following year. In 216 and 205 BC, Perugia assisted Rome in the Second Punic War, but afterward it is not mentioned until 41–40 BC, when Lucius Antonius took refuge there, and was defeated by Octavian after a long siege, and its senators sent to their deaths. A number of lead bullets used by slingers have been found in and around the city. …

Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria. Cities' distances from Perugia: Assisi 19 km (12 mi), Siena 102 km (63 mi), Florence 145 km (90 mi), Rome 164 km (102 mi). Though Perugia is located in the central part of Italy, the city experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) similar to much of Northern Italy due to its inland location and the diverse, hilly topography of Umbria. Typically, summers are warm to hot and humid, while winters are cold with occasional snowfall. The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, with adequate rainfall year-round.

The Umbria Jazz Festival is one of the most important venues for Jazz in Europe and has been held annually since 1973, usually in July. Sagra Musicale Umbra is a classical and chamber music festival. The International Journalism Festival (Festival del Giornalismo). Eurochocolate, chocolate festival and fair usually held in October each year. From 2021, the festival is held in Umbriafiere in the city of Bastia Umbra Music Fest Perugia, music festival for young talented musicians, usually in the summer.

Perugia has become famous for chocolate, mostly because of a single firm, Perugina, whose Baci ("kisses" in English) are widely exported. Perugian chocolate is popular in Italy. The company's plant located in San Sisto (Perugia) is the largest of Nestlé's nine sites in Italy. According to the Nestlé USA official website, today Baci is the most famous chocolate brand in Italy. The city hosts a chocolate festival, EuroChocolate, every October.

Cathedral of S. Lorenzo San Pietro: late 16th-century church and abbey. San Domenico: Basilica church of the Dominican order, building began in 1394 and finished in 1458. Before 1234, this site housed markets and a horse fair. The exterior design attributed to Giovanni Pisano, while its interior redecorated in Baroque fashion by Carlo Maderno. The massive belfry was partially cut around the mid-16th century. The interior hosts the splendid tomb of Pope Benedict XI and a wooden choir from the Renaissance period. The 23 m × 8 m (75 ft × 26 ft) stained glass window of the Basilica of San Domenico is one of the largest in the world. Sant'Angelo, also called San Michele Arcangelo: small paleo-Christian church from the 5th–6th centuries. Sixteen antique columns frame circular layout recalling the Roman church of Santo Stefano Rotondo. Sant'Antonio Abate. …

An electric tramway operated in Perugia from 1901 until 1940. It was decommissioned in favour of buses, and since 1943 trolley buses – the latter were in service until 1975. Two elevators were established since 1971: Mercato Coperto (Parking) – Terrazza Mercato Coperto Galleria Kennedy – Mercato Coperto (Pincetto) This was followed by public escalators: Rocca Paolina: Piazza Partigiani – Piazza Italia (1983) Cupa-Pellini: Piazzale della Cupa – Via dei Priori (1989) Piazzale Europa – Piazzale Bellucci (1993) Piazzale Bellucci – Corso Cavour (1993) Minimetrò: Pincetto – Piazza Matteotti (2008) Since 1971 Perugia has taken several measures against car traffic, when the first traffic restriction zone was implemented. These zones were expanded over time and at certain hours of the day driving is forbidden in the city centre. …