Prefecture-level city in Ningxia, People's Republic of China
About Guyuan
Guyuan, formerly known as Xihaigu or Dayuan (大原), is a prefecture-level city in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It occupies the southernmost section of the region, bordering Gansu province to the east, south, and due west. This is also the site of Mount Sumeru Grottoes (须弥山), which is among the ten most famous grottoes in China. As of the end of 2018, the total resident population in Guyuan was 1,124,200. At the end of 2024, the city's resident population was 1,140,800, a decrease of 6,900 compared with the end of the previous year. Among them, the resident population in urban areas was 535,600, accounting for 46.95% of the resident population, an increase of 1.29 percentage points over the end of the previous year.
History
Guyuan is the oldest city in Ningxia, being established in 114 BC as Gaoping, capital of Anding Commandery. It was a stop on the Northern Silk Road. During the Warring States Period, Guyuan belonged to the territory of Qin state, later Qin Dynasty. The original name of the city began in the Ming dynasty (1452 AD). Because of the importance of its transportation in history, Guyuan was a war gate where Chinese soldiers trained and prepared to fight with northwestern minorities. In the Tang dynasty, most of the dealers from middle Asia need to go through this gate, then went to the capital, Chang’an. According to the First Founder's Biography in History of Yuan Dynasty, Genghis Khan died in Liupan Mountain in Guyuan in 1227 AD, after a war with the Xixia dynasty for two decades. …
Geography and climate
Guyuan has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with long, cold, dry winters, and warm, rainier summers. With temperatures cooled by the elevation that exceeds 1,770 metres (5,810 ft), highs average slightly below freezing in January and reach only 25 °C (77 °F) in July. Much of the year's precipitation is delivered from June to September.
Economy
As of 2025, Guyuan had a GDP of CN¥48.807 billion (US$6.833 billion) and a GDP per capita of CN¥42,800 (US$5,992).
Transportation
The city is served by Guyuan Liupanshan Airport, though travelers may also choose Zhongwei Xiangshan Airport and Yinchuan Hedong International Airport as well. The G70 Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway passes through the area on its way to the regional capital of Yinchuan. As there is no high-speed railways to Guyuan, one of the fastest ways to travel to Guyuan from a major city is an approximately 4-hour drive from Yinchuan, which is actually faster than traveling by train, which takes at least 5 hours.
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